ABSTRACT
SCOPE: This study investigates the potential effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestinal injury in a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected porcine model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two piglets are randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control, PEDV, NAC, and NAC+PEDV. Piglets in the NAC+PEDV group are orally administrated with NAC (100 mg (kg·BW)-1 day-1 ) for 4 consecutive days after 2 days of PEDV infection. The results show that NAC administration decreases the diarrhea rate and improves intestinal morphology. The concentration of diamine oxidase and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, as well as IL-1ß, IL-8, and TNF-α in the plasma, is decreased by NAC. Intriguingly, NAC administration significantly increases the viral load in the jejunum and ileum and down-regulates the expression of interferon-related genes. Microarray and proteomic analyses show that the differentially expressed genes/proteins between NAC+PEDV and PEDV groups are highly enriched in substance transport. Furthermore, aquaporin 8/10 expression is significantly increased by NAC upon PEDV infection. CONCLUSION: NAC administration alleviates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses and improving substance transport, but promotes viral replication by inhibiting interferon signaling. These results suggest NAC exhibits multifaceted effects upon PEDV infection, and thus caution is required when using NAC as a dietary supplement to prevent viral infection.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread widely all over the world since December 2019.It is known that lung is mainly targeting organ of the disease. however, outcome of lung-surgery patients who suffered Coronavirus disease 2019 remains unclear. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Ovid and Web of Science for studies on Coronavirus disease 2019 and lung surgery by January 11, 2020. Then we meticulously collected information including survival information, demographics, surgery information, pathological data, comorbidity, symptoms, treatment and other detailed data. Cases were divided into survival group and death group for analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis were further applied to assess prognostic predictors. A total of 20 studies including 52 patients were finally enrolled in this study, 36 patients were successfully discharged while 16 patients died even after treatment, mortality reached 30.77%. Of all the cases, a total of 10 patients were suffered Coronavirus disease 2019 before surgery and 3 patients died postoperatively, totally 42 patients were infected Coronavirus disease 2019 postoperatively and 13 patients died. Though mortality differences existed concerning several variables in different degree, no statistical significances were found concerning all variables in different level analysis. Total mortality of lung-surgery patients suffered perioperatively Coronavirus disease 2019 was 30.77%, while mortality of preoperative Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and postoperative Coronavirus disease 2019 infection reached 30% and 30.95%, respectively.
ABSTRACT
The demand for facial masks remains high. However, little is known about discarded masks as a potential refuge for contaminants and to facilitate enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the environment. We address this issue by conducting an in-situ time-series experiment to investigate the dynamic changes of ARGs, bacteria and protozoa associated with discarded masks. Masks were incubated in an estuary for 30 days. The relative abundance of ARGs in masks increased after day 7 but levelled off after 14 days. The absolute abundance of ARGs at 30 days was 1.29 × 1012 and 1.07 × 1012 copies for carbon and surgical masks, respectively. According to normalized stochasticity ratio analysis, the assembly of bacterial and protistan communities was determined by stochastic (NST = 62%) and deterministic (NST = 40%) processes respectively. A network analysis highlighted potential interactions between bacteria and protozoa, which was further confirmed by culture-dependent assays, that showed masks shelter and enrich microbial communities. An antibiotic susceptibility test suggested that antibiotic resistant pathogens co-exist within protozoa. This study provides an insight into the spread of ARGs through discarded masks and highlights the importance of managing discarded masks with the potential ecological risk of mask contamination.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , COVID-19 , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics , Genes, Bacterial , Humans , Masks , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
By A technical summary of the design work of the emergency temporary medical engineering for new coronary pneumonia in a hospital in Beijing, expounds the design ideas and design methods of this type of ward. The functional partition of the ward adopts the design concept of "three zones and two channels", and the air conditioning and ventilation system are strictly set up independently according to the functional partition , Through the determination of the air supply and exhaust parameters of each zone, the design of airflow organization, air purification measures and automatic control methods, to ensure that the hospital forms a high-to-low pressure gradient and directional air flow from the clean area to the semi-contaminated area to the polluted area. Separate the air from the contaminated area into the clean area. Through theoretical calculations, the influence of the pressure gradient and the width of the door gap on the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure ward is analyzed, which can be used as a reference for engineering design. In addition, the isolation effect of the buffer room in the negative pressure ward is summarized, and it is proposed The system self-control method.